{"id":525,"date":"2023-06-21T18:04:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T10:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gzlcy.cn\/?p=525"},"modified":"2023-06-21T18:04:49","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T10:04:49","slug":"cpu%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.gzlcy.cn\/?p=525","title":{"rendered":"CPU\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"

CPU\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6216\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u51b2\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u653e\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6307\u4ee4\u8bd1\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u6307\u4ee4\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5fae\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5fae\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c4\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u673a\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b57\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5f81\u7801\u3002\u6709\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u76f4\u63a5\u5305\u542b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u53d6<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6216\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u51b2\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u6307\u4ee4(\u4e3a\u6570\u503c\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u503c)\u3002\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668(Program Counter)\u6307\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f9b\u8bc6\u522b\u76ee\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86CPU\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u7684\u8e2a\u8ff9\u3002\u63d0\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6839\u636e\u6307\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u5fc5\u987b\u5e38\u5e38\u4ece\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5bfb\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u7b49\u5019\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9001\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u8bba\u53ca\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u548c\u7ba1\u7ebf\u5316\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u7801<\/p>\n

CPU\u6839\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u6267\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u7801\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u88ab\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7247\u65ad\u3002\u6839\u636eCPU\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784(ISA)\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6570\u503c\u89e3\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u503c\u4e3a\u8fd0\u7b97\u7801(Opcode)\uff0c\u5176\u6307\u793a\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6307\u4ee4\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u6cd5(Addition)\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u8bb8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u503c(\u5373\u7acb\u5373\u503c)\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b9a\u5740\u503c\uff1a\u6682\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f4d\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9a\u5740\u6a21\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u65e7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0cCPU\u91cc\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u89e3\u7801\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u62bd\u8c61\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u7684CPU\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8f6c\u6362\u6307\u4ee4\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u8baf\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5df2\u6210\u54c1\u7684CPU\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u53d8\u66f4\u89e3\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u5728\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8fdb\u5165\u6267\u884c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8be5\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6240\u9700\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684CPU\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u7b97\u6570\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143(ALU\uff0cArithmetic Logic Unit)\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8981\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u542b\u6709\u603b\u548c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002ALU\u5185\u542b\u7535\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97(\u6bd4\u5982\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u4f4d\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8be5CPU\u5904\u7406\u800c\u8a00\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u5fd7\u6682\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u6ea2\u51fa(Arithmetic Overflow)\u6807\u5fd7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5199\u56de<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5199\u56de\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5199\u56de\u3002\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u5199\u8fdbCPU\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6682\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u968f\u540e\u6307\u4ee4\u5feb\u901f\u5b58\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u5199\u8fdb\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u4e14\u8f83\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u4e3b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u751f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4f5c“\u8df3\u8f6c\u201d(Jumps)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5e26\u6765\u5faa\u73af\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u6267\u884c(\u900f\u8fc7\u6761\u4ef6\u8df3\u8f6c)\u548c\u51fd\u5f0f\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u6682\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f4d\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u5fd7\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5f0f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f18\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u65f6\u5e38\u663e\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6bd4\u8f83\u201d\u6307\u4ee4\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u6807\u5fd7\u6682\u5b58\u5668\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u52a8\u5411\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u5199\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u53cd\u8986\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u5468\u671f<\/a>\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u662f\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4f4d\u5740\uff0c\u4e14\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684CPU\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u89e3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u822c\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u7ecf\u5178RISC\u7ba1\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355CPU\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u666e\u53ca(\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u5fae\u63a7\u5236(Microcontrollers))\u3002<\/p>\n

CPU\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

CPU\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u90e8\u4ef6\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u90e8\u4ef6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u90e8\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u90e8\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5b9a\u70b9\u6216\u6d6e\u70b9\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u79fb\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

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